The Hidden Middlemen Driving Up Your Drug Costs — And How Baltic Nations Eliminated Them
Pharmacy benefit managers operate largely in the shadows of the American healthcare system, quietly determining what medications cost and which ones get covered. Eastern European nations, particularly those in the Baltic region, have built regulatory frameworks that expose and constrain these intermediaries in ways that US policymakers have yet to seriously consider. Understanding how Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia approached this problem may hold the key to meaningful pharmaceutical reform in t